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HIS
CAMPAIGNS : THE EMPIRE 1804 - 1814
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Campaign
of Germany
1805

Lannes
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Leaving
the Camp de Boulogne, on 27 August, he crossed the Rhine on 30 September
and reached the battle of Ulm
on 20 October, against the Austro-Prussian army.
On
15 November he invaded Vienna and decided to return
north, but finally stopped at Austerlitz.
He set a trap for his enemies to force them to attack.
His tactics succeeded: Davout, atacked by Buxhoewden,
drew the Austro-Prussians out of the
Pratzen plateau, which was thus left free
for Soult to launch his attack with the Vandamme and
Saint Hilaire divisions, while Lannes and Murat
prevented Bagration from intervening. The enemy armies
were cut in two and had no choice but to flee.
This
campaign, won by Napoleon on 2 December, lasted only
three months.
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Campaign
of Prussia and Poland
1806 -07

Davout
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Napoleon
regrouped his troops and moved towards Berlin. On
14 October, the French cut off the Prussian retreat
of General Holenlohe at Iéna.
On the same day, Davout
won the battle of Auerstaedt
against General Brunswick. They reached Berlin on
21 October and Warsaw on 27 November. But the toughest
enemies were the Russians. Napoleon tried to encircle
General Bennigsen several times, but failed each time.
He therefore decided on a frontal attack, despite
it being winter, on 8 February, at Eylau:
the result was not decisive.
They
had to wait for the spring before Napoleon could surprise
his enemy. The French victory at Friedland,
on 14 June, forced the Russians and the Prussians
to sign the armistice
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Campaign
of Germany and Austria
1809

Battle
of Wagram
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Napoleon
regrouped 200,000 men to fight Austria which was beginning
to rebel on the other side of the Danube. His tactics
were to skirt around the enemy troops, going to the
south of Regensburg (Ratisbonne). Despite the success
of the battle of Eckmuelh,
the Archduke Charles did not manage to fall back correctly
onto the north bank of the river. Napoleon then decided
to reach Vienna by the south bank and occupy it. But
the two armies still had to face each other.
Après
deux tentatives, avortées, de franchir le fleuve par
Essling, il réussit son entreprise le 5 juillet.
After
two abortive attempts to cross the river via Essling,
he succeeded in his attempt on 5 July.
The
following day, he just managed to beat the Austrians
at Wagram. They
resignedly signed the treaty
of Schoenbrunn on 14 October (to know more about this battle,
click here.)
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Spanish
Guerilla
1807-14

Saragossa
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Madrid
rebelled on 2 May 1808 following the appointment of
Napoleon's brother, Joseph, to the throne. This rebellion
marked the start of a long opposition on the part
of the Spaniards to the established authority. The
French troops could never impose their authority on
the guerilla fighters. Setbacks began to mount up:
the Siege of Saragossa,
on 15 June 1808, the capitulation of General Dupont
at Baylen on 22 July. The lack of firmness on Joseph's
part, the lack of coordination of the marshals and
the arrival of the English only aggravated the relations
between the two countries.
On
11 December, Napoleon re-established the Bourbons
at the head of the country
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Russian
Campaign
1812
Ney
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Napoleon
crossed the Niemen on 23 June, with 600,000 men under
his command (The Twenty Nation
Army) planning to beat the Tsar's army
quickly.
The
Emperor tried a first encirclement, which proved fruitless,
at Smolensk but succeeded near the Moskowa on 7 September,
by beating General Koutouzov. He entered Moscow on
14th, hoping that the Tsar would soon admit he was
beaten. But this did not happen, and winter was approaching.
On 19 October, Napoleon resigned himself to beating
a retreat. Unfortunately, the cold and famine began
to decimate his men, and when they crossed the Berezina,
25,000 men perished. Only 60,000 soldiers managed
to recross the Niemen, on 31 December.
As
soon as he got back, Napoleon reformed an army of
300,000 men, and grouped them in Germany. Despite
this, the 6th Coalition proved to be stronger and
the French troops were beaten at Leipzig
in October 1813. The French were forced to cross back
over the Rhine
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Campaign
of France
1814

Campaign
of France
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Things
were going badly for France. The army of Bluecher
was marching on Paris along the Marne, while that
of Schwarzenberg followed the Seine. Napoleon and
his 70,000 soldiers attacked them separately. Though
inferior in numbers, the French troops carried off
the victories of Champaubert,
Montmirail and Vauchamps. Bluecher fled
northwards.
As
for Schwarzenberg, he was beaten at Mormant
and Montereau. But the armies of Buelow
and Winzingerode arrived as reinforcements and entered
Paris on 31 March, despite the defence of Marmont
and Mortier.
Napoleon
abdicated and on 20 April, he bid farewell to the
Old Guard of the Château
de Fontainebleau.
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