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1800 - 1804
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1804 - 1814
Empire
1814 - 1815
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HIS CAMPAIGNS : THE EMPIRE 1804 - 1814

 

Campaign of Germany
1805


Lannes

Leaving the Camp de Boulogne, on 27 August, he crossed the Rhine on 30 September and reached the battle of Ulm on 20 October, against the Austro-Prussian army.

On 15 November he invaded Vienna and decided to return north, but finally stopped at Austerlitz. He set a trap for his enemies to force them to attack. His tactics succeeded: Davout, atacked by Buxhoewden, drew the Austro-Prussians out of the Pratzen plateau, which was thus left free for Soult to launch his attack with the Vandamme and Saint Hilaire divisions, while Lannes and Murat prevented Bagration from intervening. The enemy armies were cut in two and had no choice but to flee.

This campaign, won by Napoleon on 2 December, lasted only three months.

Campaign of Prussia and Poland
1806 -07


Davout

Napoleon regrouped his troops and moved towards Berlin. On 14 October, the French cut off the Prussian retreat of General Holenlohe at Iéna. On the same day, Davout won the battle of Auerstaedt against General Brunswick. They reached Berlin on 21 October and Warsaw on 27 November. But the toughest enemies were the Russians. Napoleon tried to encircle General Bennigsen several times, but failed each time. He therefore decided on a frontal attack, despite it being winter, on 8 February, at Eylau: the result was not decisive.

They had to wait for the spring before Napoleon could surprise his enemy. The French victory at Friedland, on 14 June, forced the Russians and the Prussians to sign the armistice

Campaign of Germany and Austria
1809


Battle of Wagram

Napoleon regrouped 200,000 men to fight Austria which was beginning to rebel on the other side of the Danube. His tactics were to skirt around the enemy troops, going to the south of Regensburg (Ratisbonne). Despite the success of the battle of Eckmuelh, the Archduke Charles did not manage to fall back correctly onto the north bank of the river. Napoleon then decided to reach Vienna by the south bank and occupy it. But the two armies still had to face each other.

Après deux tentatives, avortées, de franchir le fleuve par Essling, il réussit son entreprise le 5 juillet.

After two abortive attempts to cross the river via Essling, he succeeded in his attempt on 5 July.

The following day, he just managed to beat the Austrians at Wagram. They resignedly signed the treaty of Schoenbrunn on 14 October (to know more about this battle, click here.)

Spanish Guerilla
1807-14


Saragossa

Madrid rebelled on 2 May 1808 following the appointment of Napoleon's brother, Joseph, to the throne. This rebellion marked the start of a long opposition on the part of the Spaniards to the established authority. The French troops could never impose their authority on the guerilla fighters. Setbacks began to mount up: the Siege of Saragossa, on 15 June 1808, the capitulation of General Dupont at Baylen on 22 July. The lack of firmness on Joseph's part, the lack of coordination of the marshals and the arrival of the English only aggravated the relations between the two countries.

On 11 December, Napoleon re-established the Bourbons at the head of the country

Russian Campaign
1812

 

 


Ney

Napoleon crossed the Niemen on 23 June, with 600,000 men under his command (The Twenty Nation Army) planning to beat the Tsar's army quickly.

The Emperor tried a first encirclement, which proved fruitless, at Smolensk but succeeded near the Moskowa on 7 September, by beating General Koutouzov. He entered Moscow on 14th, hoping that the Tsar would soon admit he was beaten. But this did not happen, and winter was approaching. On 19 October, Napoleon resigned himself to beating a retreat. Unfortunately, the cold and famine began to decimate his men, and when they crossed the Berezina, 25,000 men perished. Only 60,000 soldiers managed to recross the Niemen, on 31 December.

As soon as he got back, Napoleon reformed an army of 300,000 men, and grouped them in Germany. Despite this, the 6th Coalition proved to be stronger and the French troops were beaten at Leipzig in October 1813. The French were forced to cross back over the Rhine

Campaign of France
1814

 


Campaign of France

Things were going badly for France. The army of Bluecher was marching on Paris along the Marne, while that of Schwarzenberg followed the Seine. Napoleon and his 70,000 soldiers attacked them separately. Though inferior in numbers, the French troops carried off the victories of Champaubert, Montmirail and Vauchamps. Bluecher fled northwards.

As for Schwarzenberg, he was beaten at Mormant and Montereau. But the armies of Buelow and Winzingerode arrived as reinforcements and entered Paris on 31 March, despite the defence of Marmont and Mortier.

Napoleon abdicated and on 20 April, he bid farewell to the Old Guard of the Château de Fontainebleau.

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