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1800 - 1804
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1804 - 1814
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HIS CAMPAIGNS : THE CONSULATE 1800 - 1804

 

Italian Campaign
1800


Masséna

After the Austrians refused Bonaparte's peace proposals, they threatened the borders in the north of Italy and blocked Masséna at Genoa. War having become unavoidable, Bonaparte organised his offensive.
General Moreau attacked General Kray in Germany, then went in the direction of Italy.
Bonaparte decided to cross the Grand Saint Bernard Pass, in the direction of Milan, to take General Melas (the one who was blocking Masséna), from the rear. On 4 June, Masséna was obliged to capitulate. Bonaparte went down towards the Po to cut off the Austrian general's retreat.

General Lannes carried off an initial victory, but the decisive battle took place at Marengo on 14 June. Victory was only just obtained, and it was at the cost of the loss of General Desaix.
The Austrians signed the Trévise armistice on 15 January 1801, following Moreau's victory at Hohenlinden.

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Campaign of Boulogne
1803

The whole of the French troops were assembled. The Great Army took form.

It was divided into several army corps, each one consisting of three or four divisions of infantrymen and cavalrymen, an artillery corps, a company made up of firemen and ambulance men as well as a military engineers' park As for the Imperial Guard, it was made up entirely of crack soldiers who acted as one.

All these corps were independent but could take action together on the same battlefield, thanks to the regular links between the aides de camp.
Logistics were taken care of by Marshall Berthier.
The Great Army, organised in this manner, was able to act exceptionally rapidly, and was Napoleon's trump card.


Officer of the Great Army

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